Kafin zuwan mulkin mallaka na turawan yamma, bisa al'adar mutanan da suke zaune a nahir nageria sun yi amfani da abubuwa kala iri daban-daban yayin cinikayya da kasuwanci ta hanyar musayan Waɗannan abubuwa wanda sun haɗa da Wuri, Tagulla, Duwatsun Ado, Anini Gishiri da sauransu da wasu abubuwan makusantan hakan.
An fara gudanar da batu akan kuɗin Najeriya na farko bayan saka dokar mulkin mallaka na shekara ta 1880 wadda ta gabatar da nau'in kudi na Sulalla da Dinarai a matsayin kuɗin da aka fara amince da su a ƙasashen yammacin Afirka gaba daya da Burtaniya take reno. Rakunin tsabar kuɗin da Bankin Ingila ke kula da su sun kasance sule ɗaya, dinari ɗaya, rabin dinari da ɗaya bisa goma na dinari kuma Bankin Burtaniya na Yammacin Afirka ya cigaba da kula da su har zuwa shekara ta 1912 data gabata.
Daga karahen shekara ta 1912 har zuwa 1959, Hukumar Kula da Kuɗaɗe ta Afirka ta Yamma ta fitar da sabon jerin takardu da tsabar kuɗi na farko a ƙasashin jeran kasashe Najeriya, Ghana, Saliyo da Gambia. Mafi girman darajar takardar kuɗi shine Fam guda, yayin da Sule ɗaya ya kasance mafi girman darajar tsabar kuɗi a wannan lokacin.
A ranar 1 ga watan Yuli na shekaran 1959 Babban Bankin Najeriya ya fitar da takardun kuɗin Najeriya nasa na kansa, wannan yayi sanadiyar dakatar da amfani da kuɗaɗen da Hukumar Kula da Kuɗaɗe na Afirka ta Yamma ta samar wanda ya zama na hadaka, An cigaba da cinikayya da waɗannan kuɗaɗen har ranar 1 ga watan Yuli na shekaran 1962 aka sake ayyana sabbin kuɗi don nuna matsayin jamhuriyar ƙasar. Daga cikin sauyin da aka samu; an sauya rubutun da ke saman kuɗin daga (FEDERATION OF NIGERIA), zuwa (FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA). An sake sauya tsarin kuɗin a shekara ta 1968 sakamakon ƙarancin amfani da su a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa da akayi a lokacin.
A ci gaba da matakin da gwamnati take ɗauka na canjawa kuɗin ma'auni zuwa daraja da sabon yanayi dan samon ci gaba an canja sunan kuɗin Najeriya a watan Janairu na shekaran 1973. Babban kuɗin daya kasance na Yuro ɗaya ya daina wanzuwa yayin da aka sauya shi da Naira ɗaya da tayi daidai da Sule goma ta zama babbar rukunin kuɗi, yayin da Kobo ta kasance ƙaramin rukunin kuɗin nasar, Kobo ɗari yana daidai da Naira ɗaya.
A ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairun 1977, aka fitar da sabuwar takardar kuɗi mai darajar naira ashirin (₦20). Ita ce mafi girman rukunin kudi da aka gabatar a lokacin sakamakon ci gaban tattalin arziki da kuma sauƙaƙa mu'amala da kuɗaɗen don biyan buƙatu da Kuma dunkule wasu adadin kudi wake daya. Takardar kudin ita ce ta farko a Najeriya da ke ɗauke da hoton wani fitaccen ɗan ƙasar, Marigayi Shugaban ƙasa Janar Murtala Ramat Muhammed wanda shi ne yake da alhakin juyin juya halin Najeriya a watan Yulin shekara ta 1975. An fitar da takardar a yayin bikin cika shekara ɗaya da kashe shi a matsayin girmamawar da ta dace ga fitaccen ɗan Najeriya. An ayyana shi a matsayin gwarzo na ƙasa a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba na shekaran 1978.
A ranar 2 ga watan Yuli na shekaran 1979, an fitar da sabbin takardun kuɗi kala uku, wato ₦1, ₦5 da ₦10. Duka waɗannan takardun kuɗin sun kasance girmansu ɗaya babu wanda tafi wata ta ɓangaren tsawo da faɗi sai dai rubutun adadin dake jiki kuma takardar ₦20 da aka ayyana a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, 1977. Don sauƙaƙe ganewa, an yi amfani da launuka daban-daban a kowane rukunin kuɗi. An ƙayata takardun kuɗin da hotunan wasu fitattun ƴan Najeriya uku, waɗanda aka ayyana su a matsayin jaruman ƙasa a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1978. Zanen da aka saka a bayan takardun kuɗin ya nuna ɓangarori daban-daban da al’adun ƙasar dan nuna bajinta yankin su
A cikin watan Afrilun 1984, an canza launin duk takardun kuɗin da ake amfani da su, ban da takardar kuɗin Kobo 50 don kama masu fataucin kuɗi da cinikaiyar su wanda da yake ba akan ka'idaba suka yi yawa a lokacin. A shekara ta 1991, an sauya takardar Kobo 50 da ₦1 zuwa tsaba ma'ana sulanla.
Dangane da faɗaɗa ayyukan tattalin arziki na kasar da kuma sauƙaƙe tsarin biyan kuɗi mai inganci, an ƙaddamar da takardar ₦100 a watan Disamban 1999, ₦200, a watan Nuwamban 2000, ₦500 a watan Afrilun 2001 da ₦1000 a watan Oktoban 2005 wanda wannan ya bada damar tantare wasu adadi waje daya dan samin gaba wajan ma'amala da Kudin.
Sai Kuma wani sauyi yazo bakatatan wanda a ranar 28 ga watan Fabrairu, 2007, a wani ɓangare na sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki, an sauya ₦20 daga takarda zuwa leda a karon farko wanda wannan shine wanda aka fara gani tun daga kafuwar kasar, yayin da ₦50, ₦10 da ₦5 suka biyo baya. Haka kuma an sake fasali a tsabar kudi ₦1 da Kobo 50, kuma an fitar da tsabar ₦2 wanda babu ita a baya sai a wannan lokacin.
A ranar 30 ga watan Satumba, 2009 an canza ₦50, ₦10 da ₦5 daga takardu zuwa leda sakamakon nasarar da aka samu a ₦20 ta leda. Don haka, duk ƙananan takardun kuɗin an sauya su zuwa leda wanda har yanzu a hakan suke
A ranar 29 ga watan Satumba, 2010 Babban Bankin Najeriya ta ƙayata ₦50 don taya ƙasar murnan cika shekaru 50 da samun ƴancin kai wanda anyi hakan ne dan cika adadin shekaru 50 da cin dashin kai, bugu da ƙari a ranar 19 ga Disamba, 2014 Bankin ta sake ƙayata ₦100 da sabon fasali don taya Najeriya murnar cika shekaru 100 da kafuwarta a matsayin kasa guda me cikanken iko Wanda wannan ma abin jin dadi ne kuma ta nuna har akan #100 ta kasar.
A ƙarshe a ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba, 2022, Shugaba Buhari ya ƙaddamar da sabbin ₦200, ₦500 da ₦1000 da Babban Bankin Najeriya ta sauya musu fasali wanda za a fara amfani da su a ranar 15 ga watan Disamban 2022 gabanin zaben da yake tahowa na gasar da zummar niyar dakile siyan kuru'u da ake zargin 'yan siyasa dayi da kuma rage garkuwa da mutane daya zama ruwan dare a kasar
A.I.G.DALA
